Macular degeneration

“Macular degeneration” designates the loss of function of those cells that perceive light and that are found in the central part of the retina (in the macula). Several rare hereditary diseases may lead to macular degeneration in children and adolescents.
Age-induced macular degeneration is among the frequent causes of blindness in old age. In developed countries, it affects 10-15% of the population over the age of 60. With progressively increasing longevity, the number of patients with age-induced macular degeneration is on the increase and is becoming a serious medico-economical problem.

Symptoms
Blurred vision, shadows in front of the eyes or missing sections of the visual field, deformed images, problems recognising colours, slower recuperation of sight following exposure to bright light.

Causes
Ageing, smoking, familial predisposition, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, solar radiation.

Prevention
The most promising measures include anti-angiogennic therapy- many drugs that block the formation of vessels are used. Studies have also shown the positive effect of therapy with so-called statins (drugs used in cases of high lipid levels in blood), which have been shown to be associated with a lower incidence of macular degeneration. Studies of affected families have shown that higher levels of antioxidants and zinc may decrease the risk of macular degeneration development.

What does GenScan reveal about macular degeneration?
Currently clinical studies have shown that 43% to 70% of cases of macular degeneration in the population are caused by polymorphisms of the gene coding factor H. GenScan analyses this gene as well as another two genes that contribute significantly to the incidence and development of this disease. If the GenScan analysis reveals a disorder of these genes, the client may receive recommendations regarding dietary supplements that limit the incidence and development of macular degeneration. The earlier this predisposition is determined, the more successfully can this disease be avoided with the help of preventive measures.